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Kwiyongera kw'itumanaho rya terefone igendanwa byatumye hakomeza kubaho ikoranabuhanga ridafite insinga (G), rishobora kugira ingaruka zitandukanye kuri sisitemu y'ibinyabuzima. Kugira ngo tugerageze ibi, twerekanye imbeba guhura n'umutwe umwe uhura na 4G y'igihe kirekire (LTE) -1800 MHz amashanyarazi ya elegitoronike (EMF) mu gihe cy'amasaha 2. Twasuzumye ingaruka ziterwa na lipopolysaccharide iterwa na neuropiya ya elegitoronike. muri cortex yibanze yo kumva (ACx) .Ikigereranyo cya SAR muri ACx ni 0.5 W / kg.Ibice byafashwe amajwi byerekana ko LTE-EMF itera igabanuka ryimbaraga zogusubiza amajwi meza hamwe nijwi risanzwe, mugihe iyongerekana ryurwego rwa acoustic kumurongo muke muto kandi rwagati.Iba1 immunohistochemie yerekanaga ko nta gihinduka mumibiri ya LTE. n'imbibi za acoustic. Amakuru yacu yerekana ko acide neuroinflammation ikangurira neuron kuri LTE-EMF, bikavamo guhindura imikorere ya acoustic muri ACx.
Ibidukikije bya electromagnetiki yabantu byahindutse cyane mumyaka mirongo itatu ishize kubera kwaguka kwaguka kwitumanaho ridafite insinga.Ubu, abantu barenga bibiri bya gatatu byabaturage bafatwa nkabakoresha telefone zigendanwa (MP). Ikwirakwizwa ryinshi ry’ikoranabuhanga ryateje impungenge n’impaka ku ngaruka zishobora guteza akaga amashanyarazi akoreshwa na radiyo (radiyo). umubare wubushakashatsi bwubushakashatsi bwibanze ku gukora iperereza ku ngaruka ziterwa na radiofrequency kwinjizwa mu ngingo z’ibinyabuzima1.Bimwe muri ubwo bushakashatsi byashakishije impinduka mu bikorwa by’urusobe rw’imitsi ndetse no mu buryo bwo kumenya, bitewe n’ubwonko bw’amasoko ya RF hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa MP. Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwakozwe buvuga ku ngaruka z’ibimenyetso byahinduwe bikoreshwa mu gisekuru cya kabiri (2G) kuri televiziyo igendanwa (GSM) cyangwa umurongo mugari wa telefone zigendanwa. . (3G) sisitemu ishingiye kuri gahunda yo guhindura moderi imwe, LTE ikoresha Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) nkuburyo bwibanze bwibimenyetso6.Isi yose, serivise zigendanwa za LTE zikoresha umurongo utandukanye wumurongo uri hagati ya 450 na 3700 MHz, harimo 900 na 1800 MHz nazo zikoreshwa muri GSM.
Ubushobozi bwa RF bwo kugira ingaruka ku binyabuzima bigenwa ahanini n’igipimo cyihariye cyo kwinjiza (SAR) kigaragara muri W / kg, gipima ingufu zinjizwa mu ngingo z’ibinyabuzima.Ingaruka z’umutwe ukaze w’iminota 30 zerekana ibimenyetso bya 2.573 GHz LTE ku bikorwa by’urusobe rw’imyororokere ku isi biherutse gushakishwa ku bushake bw’abantu bafite ubuzima bwiza. Urwego rwa SAR rwagereranijwe hejuru ya 10 g ya tissue rwagereranijwe ko rutandukanye hagati ya 0.42 na 1.52 W / kg, ukurikije ingingo ya 7, 8, 9.EEG isesengura ryibihe bisa (igihe cyiminota 30, ikigereranyo cyo hejuru ya SAR kingana na 1,34 W / kg ukoresheje icyitegererezo cyumutwe wumuntu) cyerekanaga imbaraga zagabanutse hamwe nuburinganire bwimisozi miremire ya alfa na beta. W. uburinganire.
Kugeza ubu, ubushakashatsi bw’inyamaswa ni bwo bwakoreshejwe kugira ngo hamenyekane uburyo guhura n’ibimenyetso bya LTE bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y’ubwonko. Vuba aha byavuzwe ko uburyo bwo kwerekana imbeba zikura kuva igihe cyo gutangira gusama kugeza ku ibere (30 min / umunsi, iminsi 5 / icyumweru, hamwe n'umubiri wose SAR ya 0.5 cyangwa 1 W / kg) byaviriyemo imyitwarire ya moto na appetit mu bukure 14 byatewe no guhura kwinshi kwa buri munsi. by'amashusho yabyutse ashobora kuboneka muri nervice optique, hamwe na SAR ntarengwa yagereranijwe kuba munsi ya 10 mW / kg15.
Usibye gusesengura ku munzani myinshi, harimo urwego rwa selile na molekile, moderi yimbeba irashobora gukoreshwa mukwiga ingaruka ziterwa na RF mugihe cyindwara, nkuko mbere byibanze kuri GSM cyangwa WCDMA / 3G UMTS EMF murwego rwa neuroinflammation ikaze. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ingaruka zo gufatwa, indwara zifata ubwonko cyangwa glioma 16,17,18,19,20.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -imbeba zatewe ni urugero rwiza rwibanze rwibisubizo bikaze bya neuroinflammatory bifitanye isano n'indwara zandura zanduye ziterwa na virusi cyangwa bagiteri zigira ingaruka ku baturage benshi buri mwaka.Iyi leta itera indwara itera indwara idasubira inyuma hamwe na syndrome de santé de la décologie irangwa na mikorobe ya selile. igisubizo. Kuvura imbeba hamwe na LPS itera gukora microglia irangwa no guhindura imiterere n'imikorere ya selile hamwe nimpinduka zikomeye mumwirondoro winyandiko-mvugo, harimo no kugenzura ingirabuzimafatizo zigizwe na cyokokine cyangwa enzymes, bigira ingaruka kumiyoboro ya neuronal Ibikorwa 22, 23, 24.
Twize ku ngaruka z'umutwe umwe w'amasaha 2 uhura na GSM-1800 MHz EMF mu mbeba zivuwe na LPS, twasanze ibimenyetso bya GSM bitera ibisubizo bya selile mu bwonko bwubwonko, bigira ingaruka ku mvugo ya gene, glutamate reseptor fosifora, kurasa kwa neuronal Meta na morfologiya ya microglia mu bwonko bw’ubwonko. leta ya neuroinflammatory ikangurira ingirabuzimafatizo za CNS kubimenyetso bya GSM. Twibanze kuri cortex yo kumva (ACx) yimbeba zavuwe na LPS, aho SAR yaho yagereranije 1.55 W / kg, twabonye ko GSM yerekanwe byatumye ubwiyongere cyangwa amashami yimikorere ya mikorobe ndetse no kugabanuka kwimyitwarire ya neuronal iterwa na tone nziza na 28.
Mu bushakashatsi burimo, twari tugamije gusuzuma niba guhura gusa n’umutwe gusa ku bimenyetso bya LTE-1800 MHz bishobora no guhindura imitekerereze ya mikorobe ndetse n’ibikorwa bya neuronal muri ACx, bikagabanya imbaraga zo guhura na bibiri bya gatatu.Twerekanye hano ko ibimenyetso bya LTE nta ngaruka byagize kuri mikorobe ariko bikomeza gutuma igabanuka rikabije ry’imikorere ya cortique ya AC / ya LAR ya 0.5.
Dufatiye ku bimenyetso byabanje byerekana ko guhura na GSM-1800 MHz byahinduye imitekerereze ya microglial morphologie mu bihe byo gutwika umuriro, twakoze iperereza kuri iyi ngaruka nyuma yo kwerekana ibimenyetso bya LTE.
Imbeba zikuze zatewe na LPS amasaha 24 mbere yuko umutwe wa sham gusa cyangwa guhura na LTE-1800 MHz. Mugihe cyo kwerekana, ibisubizo bya LPS byatewe na neuroinflammatory byashizweho mu bwonko bwubwonko, nkuko bigaragazwa no kugenzura ingirabuzimafatizo za porinflammatory no guhinduka kwa mikorobe ya cortique (ishusho ya 1). ) isesengura ryerekanye ko nta tandukaniro rinini rigaragara mu buso bwose (t-ikizamini kidakorewe, p = 0.308) cyangwa agace (p = 0.196) nubucucike (p = 0.061) bwa immunoreactivite ya Iba1 mugihe ugereranije no guhura n’imibiri yimibiri ya Iba 1 yimbeba za LTE ninyamaswa zanduye (Ishusho 3b-d).
Ingaruka zo gutera inshinge za LPS kuri cortical microglia morphologie. Reba uburyo bwa microglia mugice cya coronale yubwonko bwubwonko (akarere ka dorsomedial) nyuma yamasaha 24 nyuma yo guterwa intraperitoneal LPS cyangwa ibinyabiziga (kugenzura) .Ingirabuzimafatizo zandujwe na antibody anti-Iba1 nkuko byavuzwe mbere. "ubucucike busa" busa. Umwanya muto: 20 µm.
Isesengura rya Dosimetricike yerekana igipimo cyihariye cyo kwinjiza (SAR) mu bwonko bwimbeba mugihe cyo guhura na 1800 MHz LTE.A mbere yasobanuwe muburyo butandukanye bwimbeba ya fantom na loop antenna62 yakoreshejwe mugusuzuma SAR yaho mu bwonko, hamwe na gride ya cubic 0.5 mm. imyanzuro. Agace kagenwe numurongo wumukara mugice cya sagittal gihuye na cortex yambere yo kwumva aho hasesenguwe ibikorwa bya microglial na neuronal.Ibipimo byerekana amabara yerekana agaciro ka SAR bikoreshwa mubigereranyo byose byerekana mubishusho.
LPS yatewe na microglia muri cortex yo kumva imbeba ikurikira LTE cyangwa Sham. (yashyizwe ahagaragara, utudomo twirabura). t-ikizamini). Hejuru no hepfo yagasanduku, imirongo yo hejuru nu munsi yo hepfo igereranya 25-75% kwijana na 5-95th ijana kwijana.
Imbonerahamwe 1 irerekana muri make umubare winyamanswa hamwe nibice byinshi byafashwe byabonetse muri cortex yambere yo kwumva amatsinda ane yimbeba (Sham, Exposed, Sham-LPS, Exposed-LPS) .Mu bisubizo bikurikira, dushyiramo amajwi yose yerekana umurima wakira byigihe gito (STRF), ni ukuvuga, ibisubizo byatanzwe na toni byibuze 6 byerekana ko twatanze ibisobanuro kuri 6. Itsinda rya Sham, inyandiko 273 zitsinda ryashyizwe ahagaragara, 299 inyandiko zitsinda Sham-LPS, hamwe 295 kubitsinda rya Exposed-LPS.
Mu bika bikurikira, tuzabanza gusobanura ibipimo byakuwe mu murima wo kwakira abantu (ni ukuvuga igisubizo ku majwi meza) hamwe n’igisubizo ku majwi yihariye ya xenogeneic. Tuzasobanura noneho umubare w’ahantu hasubizwa inshuro zabonetse kuri buri tsinda. Twihweje ko hariho "data nested" 30 mu gishushanyo mbonera cyakozwe ku mbonerahamwe ya 1). umubare wimyanya muri buri tsinda. Umubare wuzuye wamajwi yakusanyirijwe hamwe (umurongo wa gatatu mumeza 1).
Igicapo 4a cerekana uburyo bwiza bwo gukwirakwiza (BF, gutanga igisubizo ntarengwa kuri 75 dB SPL) ya cortical neuron yabonetse muri Lham ivurwa na Sham hamwe ninyamaswa zashyizwe ahagaragara. Urutonde rwinshuro ya BF mumatsinda yombi rwongerewe kuva kuri 1 kHz kugeza kuri 36 kHz.
Ingaruka zo guhura na LTE kumubare wuzuye wibisubizo bya cortical yinyamanswa zivuwe na LPS. byombi STRF (imbaraga zose zo gusubiza) hamwe ninshuro nziza (b, c) .Igisubizo cyigihe, igisubizo cyagutse, hamwe numuyoboro mugari uhoraho (df) .Bombi imbaraga nubwizerwe bwigihe gito bwibisubizo kumajwi byagabanutse (g, h) .Ibikorwa byahise ntibyagabanutse cyane (i). ugereranije na sham-imbeba zerekanwe.Iyi ngaruka iragaragara cyane mumurongo muto na hagati.
Igishushanyo cya 4b-f cyerekana ikwirakwizwa ryibipimo bikomoka kuri STRF kuri ziriya nyamaswa (uburyo bwerekanwa nimirongo itukura) .Ingaruka ziterwa na LTE ku nyamaswa zivuwe na LPS byagaragaye ko byagabanutse kugabanuka kwimyakura ya neuronal. Ubwa mbere, ubukana bwibisubizo hamwe nibisubizo byari bike cyane muri BF ugereranije ninyamaswa za Sham-LPS (ishusho ya 4b, c itagabanije kwipimisha, ibisubizo = ibisubizo byikigereranyo, p = 0.0017); .
Ubukurikira twasuzumye niba amajwi meza ya cortical ahinduwe yahinduwe na LTE. Duhereye ku gice cyakiriwe (FRA) cyakuwe kuri buri cyuma gifata amajwi, twagennye uburyo bwo kwumva kuri buri nshuro kandi twagereranije izo mbuga ku matsinda yombi y’inyamanswa. Igicapo cya 4j cyerekana ibipimo (± sem) byerekana kuva kuri 1.1 kugeza kuri 36 kHz mu mibare y’inyamaswa zerekanwe na Sham hamwe na Sham. 4j), ingaruka zagaragaye cyane muri radiyo ntoya no hagati. Byinshi mubyukuri, kuri radiyo ntoya (<2.25 kHz), igipimo cya neurone ya A1 hamwe nimbibi ndende cyiyongereye, mugihe igipimo cya neurone ntoya kandi giciriritse cyaragabanutse (chi-kare = 43,85; p <0.0001; Ishusho 4k, Ishusho). Ingaruka imwe yagaragaye no hagati yumurongo wo hagati (2.25
Ingaruka zo guhura na LTE kumubare wibisubizo byibisubizo byinyamanswa zifite ubuzima bwiza. . Imbeba zerekanwe na LTE ugereranije nimbeba zerekanwe na Sham, ariko umubare munini winjira wagabanutse cyane mubikoko byagaragaye.
Igishushanyo cya 5b-f cyerekana agasanduku kerekana isaranganya kandi bivuze (umurongo utukura) wibipimo biva mubice bibiri bya STRF. Mu nyamaswa nzima, LTE yerekanwe ubwayo ntacyo byagize ku gaciro kagereranijwe kerekana ibipimo bya STRF. Ugereranije nitsinda rya Sham (agasanduku kijimye k'ubururu bwijimye ku itsinda ryerekanwe), LTE ntiyigeze ihindura ubukana bwuzuye cyangwa igisubizo cya BF (p. 0.8696) p = 0.3256).
Igicapo 5j cerekana ibipimo (± sem) bingana kuva kuri 1.1 gushika kuri 36 kHz mu mbeba nzima.Ntabwo bwerekanye itandukaniro rikomeye hagati ya sham na imbeba zerekanwe, usibye urwego ruto rwo hasi mu nyamaswa zagaragaye kuri radiyo ndende (11-36 kHz) urwego ruciriritse (mugihe urwego rwo hejuru) neuron nkeya).
Mu gusoza, iyo inyamaswa nzima zahuye na LTE, nta ngaruka zagize ku mbaraga zo gusubiza amajwi meza ndetse n’amajwi atoroshye nko kuvuga amajwi.Ikindi kandi, mu nyamaswa nzima, inzitizi zumva amajwi zisa n’inyamaswa zagaragaye kandi ziteye isoni, mu gihe mu nyamaswa zivurwa na LPS, LTE yatumye habaho kwiyongera cyane ku mbuga za cortique, cyane cyane mu ntera ntoya no hagati.
Ubushakashatsi bwacu bwerekanye ko mu mbeba z’abagabo zikuze zifite ikibazo cya neuroinflammation ikabije, guhura na LTE-1800 MHz hamwe na SARACx yaho ya 0.5 W / kg (reba Methods) byatumye habaho igabanuka rikabije ryimbaraga zatewe n’amajwi mu majwi yambere y’itumanaho.Iyi mpinduka mu bikorwa by’imitsi yabayeho nta mpinduka zigaragara zatewe n’uburemere bw’imiterere y’imiterere ya LTE. Imbeba. Urebye isano iri mu gukwirakwiza inshuro nyinshi hagati y’ibice bifata amajwi mu nyamaswa zashyizwe ahagaragara na LTE n’inyamanswa zanduye, itandukaniro ry’imikorere ya neuronal rishobora guterwa n’ingaruka zishingiye ku binyabuzima by’ibimenyetso bya LTE aho kubogama kubogamye (Ishusho ya 4a) .Ikindi kandi, kuba nta mpinduka zatewe no gutinda gusubiza hamwe n’umuvuduko ukabije w’imbeba zashyizwe mu majwi zashyizwe ahagaragara.
Nkuko tubizi, ingaruka za LTE zerekana kubisubizo bya neuronal ntabwo byigeze bivugwa mbere.Nyamara, ubushakashatsi bwibanze bwerekanye ubushobozi bwa GSM-1800 MHz cyangwa 1800 MHz ikomeza umurongo (CW) kugirango uhindure umunezero wa neuronal, nubwo hari itandukaniro rikomeye bitewe nuburyo bwubushakashatsi. Nyuma yaho nyuma yo guhura na 1800 MHz CW kurwego rwa SAR kurwego rwa 8.2 W / Kg kurundi ruhande, ibikorwa byo guturika no guturika mumico yibanze ya neuronal ikomoka mubwonko bwimbeba byagabanutse bitewe no guhura na GSM-1800 MHz cyangwa 1800 MHz CW muminota 15 kuri SAR ya 4.6 W / kg.Ibibujijwe byahinduwe igice gusa muminota 30 yerekanwe. Gucecekesha burundu neuron byagezweho muri SAR ya 9.2 W / kg.Ibisubizo byatanzwe na MHz byerekana ko GSM-1800 ibisubizo bya neuronal biterwa no guhindura ibimenyetso bya RF.
Mugihe twashizeho, cortical evoke ibisubizo byakusanyirijwe muri vivo nyuma yamasaha 3 kugeza kuri 6 nyuma yamasaha 2 yerekana gusa umutwe urangiye.Mu bushakashatsi bwabanje, twakoze ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka za GSM-1800 MHz kuri SARACx ya 1.55 W / kg dusanga nta ngaruka nini zagize ku bisubizo byatewe n'amajwi meza ku mbeba zifite ubuzima bwiza bitewe no kwiyongera kwa LTE-1800 kuri 0.5 W / kg tone.Iyi ngaruka iragoye kubisobanura kuko ntabwo iherekejwe no kwiyongera kwingufu zogusubiza, byerekana ko iki gihe kirekire cyo gusubiza kibaho hamwe numubare umwe wibikorwa byose byatewe na cortical neuron.Ibisobanuro bimwe bishobora kuba ari uko LTE ihura naryo rishobora kugabanya ibikorwa bya interneuron zimwe na zimwe zibuza, nkuko byanditswe ko muri ACx ibanza kugaburira 37, ibisubizo byatewe na 35, 34
Ibinyuranye na byo, mu mbeba zatewe na LPS iterwa na neuroinflammation, LTE ntiyigeze igira ingaruka ku gihe cyo kurasa amajwi ya neuronal yatewe n'amajwi, ariko ingaruka zikomeye zagaragaye ku mbaraga z'ibisubizo byatanzwe. Mu byukuri, ugereranije n'ibisubizo bya neuronal byanditswe mu mbeba zashyizwe ahagaragara na LPS-sham, neuron mu mbeba zavuwe na LPS zerekanwe no kugabanuka kwijwi ryibisubizo byazo. igisubizo cyijwi ryiza ryabaye nta kugabanya umurongo mugari wa 75 dB, kandi kubera ko byabaye muburemere bwamajwi yose, byatumye habaho kwiyongera kwinjiriro rya acoustic ya enterineti ya cortical neuron kuri radiyo ntoya na hagati.
Kugabanuka kwingufu zashubijwe byerekanaga ko ingaruka za signal ya LTE kuri SARACx ya 0.5 W / kg mu nyamaswa zivuwe na LPS zasaga n’iza GSM-1800 MHz zikoreshwa inshuro eshatu hejuru ya SARACx (1.55 W / kg) 28 .Nkuko ibimenyetso bya GSM byerekana, imitwe ya LTE-1800 MHz ishobora kugabanya umuvuduko ukabije w’imbeba ACx neuron yatewe na hypothesis ya LPSin. ubwizerwe bwibisubizo bya neuronal kumajwi (Igishusho 4h) no kugabanuka kwibikorwa byizana (Igicapo 4i) .Nyamara, byagoye kumenya muri vivo niba ibimenyetso bya LTE bigabanya imitekerereze ya neuronal interinsic cyangwa bigabanya kwinjiza synaptic, bityo bikagenzura ibisubizo bya neuronal muri ACx.
Ubwa mbere, ibisubizo bidakomeye birashobora guterwa no kugabanuka kwimbere kwingirabuzimafatizo nyuma yo guhura na LTE 1800 MHz. Gushyigikira iki gitekerezo, GSM-1800 MHz na 1800 MHz-CW byagabanije ibikorwa biturika iyo bikoreshejwe mumico yambere ya neuron yimbeba ya cortical hamwe na SAR ya 3.2 W / kg na 4,6 W / kg, byagabanijwe cyane kugirango twagabanuke cyane. kurasa bidatinze mu nyamaswa zerekanwe kuruta mu nyamaswa zanduye.
Icya kabiri, LTE irashobora kandi kugira ingaruka ku kwanduza synaptic kuva thalamo-cortical cyangwa cortical-cortical synapses.Ibyanditswe byinshi ubu byerekana ko, muri cortex yo kwumva, ubugari bwikurikiranabikorwa butagaragazwa gusa na afferent thalamic projection, ariko ko guhuza imiyoboro itanga inyongeramusaruro zerekanwa ku mbuga za cortique 39,40. Ingaruka ziterwa na LTE ntabwo zagize ingaruka kumurongo wa cortical-cortical.Ibi kandi byerekana ko guhuza kwinshi mubindi bice bya cortique byagaragaye kuri SAR kuruta gupimwa muri ACx (Ishusho 2) ntibishobora kubazwa ibisubizo byahinduwe byavuzwe hano.
Hano, igice kinini cya LPS cyerekanwe na cortical cordical cyerekanwe hejuru cyane ugereranije ninyamaswa zerekanwe na LPS-sham.Gutanga ko hashyizweho ko inzitizi ya acoustic cortique igenzurwa cyane cyane nimbaraga za synaps ya thalamo-cortical 39,40, birashobora gukekwa ko kwanduza thalamo-cortical kugabanuka cyangwa kugabanuka kwa postinaptic (kugabanuka kwa postynaptic).
Kimwe n'ingaruka za GSM-1800 MHz, LTE iterwa na LTE iterwa na neuronal ibisubizo byabaye murwego rwa LPS-iterwa na neuroinflammation, irangwa no gusubiza mikorobe. Ibimenyetso biriho byerekana ko microglia igira uruhare runini mubikorwa byimiyoboro ya neuronal mubwonko busanzwe kandi bw’indwara 41,42,43.Ubushobozi bwabo bwo guhindura imikorere ya neurotransmission ntibiterwa gusa nubwinshi bwimikorere yabyo. inzira ya selile.Mu bwonko bwubwonko, byombi byiyongereye kandi bigabanuka ibikorwa byurusobe rwimitsi itera kwaguka byihuse mumwanya muto wa microglial bitewe nubwiyongere bwimikorere ya microglial44,45. By'umwihariko, microclial protrusions yinjizwa hafi ya synaps ikora ya thalamocortical kandi ishobora guhagarika ibikorwa bya synaps ishimishije binyuze muburyo bukoreshwa na microglia-yunganirwa na adenosine.
Imbeba zavuwe na LPS zashyikirijwe GSM-1800 MHz hamwe na SARACx kuri 1.55 W / kg, igabanuka ryibikorwa bya neuron ya ACx ryabaye hamwe no gukura kwa mikorobe irangwa n’ahantu hagaragara cyane Iba1 muri ACx28 Kwiyongera.Iyi nyigo yerekana ko guhindura mikorobe byatewe no guhura n’ibibazo biterwa na GSM bishobora guterwa no kugabanuka kwa GSM biterwa no gukemura ibibazo bya GSM biterwa no gukemura ibibazo biterwa na GSO. SARACx igarukira kuri 0.5 W / kg, kuko twasanze nta kwiyongera kwumwanya utandukanijwe na microglial process.Nyamara, ibyo ntibibuza ko ingaruka zose zerekana ibimenyetso bya LTE kuri microglia ikora LPS, ibyo na byo bikaba bishobora kugira ingaruka kubikorwa bya neuronal.
Nkuko tubizi, ingaruka zibimenyetso bya LTE mugutunganya amajwi ntabwo byigeze byigwa mbere.Ubushakashatsi bwacu bwibanze 26,28 hamwe nubushakashatsi burimo gukorwa bwerekanye ko mugushiraho umuriro ukabije, kwerekana umutwe wenyine kuri GSM-1800 MHz cyangwa LTE-1800 MHz byaviriyemo guhindura imikorere mubisubizo bya neuronal muri ACx, nkuko bigaragazwa no kwiyongera kwurwego rwo kwumva. byerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 2, urwego rwo hejuru rwa SAR (hafi ya 1 W / kg) ruherereye muri cortex ya dorsomedial (munsi ya antenne), kandi ziragabanuka cyane kuko umuntu agenda yihuta kuruhande. isaha / umunsi, SAR hagati ya 1 na 4 W / kg), nta mpinduka zagaragaye zagaragaye mubunini bwibicuruzwa bigoretse otoacoustic Thresholds ya Emission and Auditor Brainstem Responses 47. Byongeye kandi, guhora uhura na GSM 900 cyangwa 1800 MHz muri SAR yaho ya 2 W / kg ntabwo byagize ingaruka ku mikorere yimikorere yimisatsi yo hanze yimbeba 10-. EMF yo muri terefone ngendanwa ya GSM nta ngaruka zihamye zijyanye no gutunganya amajwi nkuko byasuzumwe kuri cochlear50,51,52 cyangwa urwego rwubwonko 53,54.
Mu bushakashatsi bwacu, impinduka zatewe na LTE zatewe na neuronal zagaragaye muri vivo nyuma yamasaha 3 kugeza kuri 6 nyuma yo kwerekanwa kurangiye.Mu bushakashatsi bwabanje ku gice cya dorsomedial igice cya cortex, ingaruka nyinshi zatewe na GSM-1800 MHz zagaragaye nyuma yamasaha 24 nyuma yo kugaragara ntizongeye kugaragara mumasaha 72 nyuma yo kwerekanwa.Ibi nikibazo cyo kwaguka kwa microglial, kugenzura kwa IL-1ß. cortex ifite agaciro ka SAR (0.5W / kg) ugereranije nakarere ka dorsomedial (2.94W / kg26), impinduka mubikorwa bya neuronal zavuzwe hano bigaragara ko arigihe gito.
Amakuru yacu agomba kuzirikana imipaka ya SAR yujuje ibisabwa hamwe nigereranya ryagaciro nyako SAR yagezweho muri cortex yubwonko bwabakoresha terefone zigendanwa.Ibipimo ngenderwaho bikoreshwa mukurinda rubanda byashyizeho imipaka ya SAR kuri 2 W / kg kumutwe waho cyangwa umubiri uhura na radio kuri radiyo 100 kHz na 6 GHz RF.
Kwigana kwa doose byakozwe hifashishijwe uburyo butandukanye bwumutwe wabantu kugirango hamenyekane ingufu za RF mumyanya itandukanye yumutwe mugihe cyumutwe rusange cyangwa itumanaho rya terefone igendanwa. Usibye kuba imiterere yubwoko bwimitwe yabantu, ibyo bigereranyo byerekana itandukaniro rikomeye cyangwa ukudashidikanya mugereranya imbaraga zinjizwa nubwonko bushingiye kumiterere ya anatomique cyangwa amateka nkimiterere yinyuma cyangwa imbere yimiterere ya gihanga, ubwinshi bwimyanya ndangagitsina. nkaho imbere yimbere ya antenne hamwe numwanya wa terefone ngendanwa ugereranije numutwe wumukoresha, bigira uruhare runini kurwego no gukwirakwiza indangagaciro za SAR muri cortex yubwonko bwubwonko 59,60.Nyamara, urebye ikwirakwizwa rya SAR ryagabanijwe mubwonko bwubwonko bwabantu, ryashizweho uhereye kumaterefone ngendanwa asohora imirongo ya radio murwego rwa 1800 MHz rwakurikiranwe murwego rwo hejuru rwabantu. cortex. Ubushakashatsi bwacu (SARACx 0.5 W / kg) .Nuko rero, amakuru yacu ntabwo arwanya imipaka iriho indangagaciro za SAR zikoreshwa kubaturage.
Mu gusoza, ubushakashatsi bwacu bwerekana ko guhura numutwe umwe gusa kuri LTE-1800 MHz bibangamira ibisubizo byubwonko bwa neurone ya cortical neuron kubyutsa ibyiyumvo. Bitandukanye nibiranga ibimenyetso byabanjirije ingaruka zerekana ibimenyetso bya GSM, ibisubizo byacu byerekana ko ingaruka za LTE zerekana ibikorwa bya neuronal zitandukanye bitewe nubuzima. Gutunganya neuroinflammation bikangura neurone kuri LTE-1800 MHz.
Ikusanyamakuru ryakusanyirijwe mu minsi 55 uhereye ku bwonko bw’ubwonko bw’imbeba 31 zikuze z’umugabo Wistar zabonetse muri laboratoire ya Janvier.Imbeba zashyizwe mu butumburuke (50-55%) n’ubushyuhe (22-24 ° C) bugenzurwa n’umucyo / umwijima wa 12 h / 12 h (amatara ku isaha ya saa moya n'igice za mugitondo) kugira ngo umuntu abone ibiryo n'amazi ku buntu. bisa nibisobanuwe muri Sosiyete ishinzwe Amabwiriza ya Neuroscience yo gukoresha inyamaswa mu bushakashatsi bwa Neuroscience.Iyi protocole yemejwe na komite ishinzwe imyitwarire Paris-Sud na Centre (CEEA N ° 59, Umushinga 2014-25, Protokole y'igihugu 03729.02) ikoresheje inzira zemejwe niyi komite 32-2011 na 34-2012.
Amatungo yari amenyereye ibyumba byabakoloni byibura icyumweru 1 mbere yo kuvura LPS no guhura (cyangwa sham guhura) na LTE-EMF.
Imbeba 22 zatewe inshinge (ip) hamwe na E. coli LPS (250 µg / kg, serotype 0127: B8, SIGMA) ivangwa na saline endotoxine idafite isotonic saline amasaha 24 mbere ya LTE cyangwa sham (n buri tsinda). . buri gihe.Muri iyi saha ya 24-h, microglia cortical yerekanaga morphologie ya selile "dense" isanzwe iteganijwe na LPS-iterwa na pro-inflammatory activation ya selile (Ishusho 1), itandukanye na LPS iterwa nabandi. Cellular pro-inflammatory activation ihuye na 24, 61.
Guhura n'umutwe gusa kuri LTE EMF byakozwe hifashishijwe igeragezwa ryakoreshejwe mbere kugirango harebwe ingaruka za GSM EMF26.LTE yerekanwe nyuma yamasaha 24 nyuma yo guterwa LPS (inyamaswa 11) cyangwa kutavura LPS (inyamaswa 5) .Inyamaswa zatewe aneste byoroheje na ketamine / xylazine (ketamine 80 mg / kg, ip) xylazine 10 mg / kg, ipine xylazine 10 mg / kg, ipine xylazine 10 mg / kg; gusohora ikimenyetso cya LTE Ahantu hashobora kwororoka hepfo.Igice cyimbeba ziva mu kato kamwe zagize uruhare mu kugenzura (inyamaswa 11 zashyizwe ahagaragara na sham, ku mbeba 22 zerekanwe na LPS): zashyizwe munsi ya antenne ya loop kandi ingufu z’ikimenyetso cya LTE zashyizwe kuri zeru.Uburemere bw’inyamaswa zashyizwe ahagaragara kandi zishyushye zashyizwe ku cyuma cyashyizwe ku rupapuro. hafi 37 ° C mugihe cyose cyakorewe ubushakashatsi.Nkuko mubushakashatsi bwabanjirije iki, igihe cyo kumurika cyashyizwe kumasaha 2. Nyuma yo kwerekanwa, shyira itungo kurindi shyushya mucyumba cyo gukoreramo.Ubwo buryo bumwe bwo gukoreshwa bwakoreshejwe ku mbeba 10 nzima (zitavuwe na LPS), kimwe cya kabiri cyazo kikaba cyaragaragaye mu kato kamwe (p = 0.694).
Sisitemu yo kumurika yari imeze nka sisitemu 25, 62 zasobanuwe mubushakashatsi bwabanje, hamwe na generator yumurongo wa radio yasimbuwe kugirango itange LTE aho kuba amashanyarazi ya GSM.Muri make, generator ya RF (SMBV100A, 3.2 GHz, Rohde & Schwarz, Ubudage) isohora LTE - 1800 MHz yumuriro wa elegitoronike (ZHL-4W) 17. . icyitegererezo hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwigihe (FDTD) uburyo 63,64,65.Bagenwe kandi mubigeragezo muburyo bwimbeba yimbeba ikoresheje Luxtron probe kugirango bapime izamuka ryubushyuhe.Muri iki gihe, SAR muri W / kg ibarwa ikoresheje formula: SAR = C ΔT / Δt, aho C nubushobozi bwubushyuhe muri J / (kg K), ΔT, muri ° K na ΔT, muri ° K Wagereranijwe nagaciro ka SAR yubushakashatsi yabonetse ukoresheje icyitegererezo kimwe, cyane cyane mukarere kangana nubwonko bwubwonko.Itandukaniro riri hagati yimibare ya SAR numubare wagaragajwe nubushakashatsi SAR iri munsi ya 30%.
Igicapo 2a cerekana ikwirakwizwa rya SAR mubwonko bwimbeba muburyo bwimbeba, ihuye nogusaranganya ukurikije uburemere bwumubiri nubunini bwimbeba zikoreshwa mubushakashatsi bwacu.Brain bivuze ko SAR yari 0.37 ± 0.23 W / kg (bivuze ± SD) .Indangagaciro za SAR ziri hejuru mugace ka cortique munsi ya antenne ya loop. SAR yaho muri ACx (SARACx) yari 0.50 ± 0.08 W / kg. ni bahuje ibitsina kandi itandukaniro mubyimbye byumutwe ni ntangarugero, SAR nyayo ya ACx cyangwa utundi turere twa cortique biteganijwe ko isa cyane hagati yinyamaswa yagaragaye nindi.
Nyuma yo kwerekanwa, inyamaswa zongewemo dosiye yinyongera ya ketamine (20 mg / kg, ip) na xylazine (4 mg / kg, ip) kugeza igihe nta ngendo ya refleks yagaragaye nyuma yo gukubita urutoki rwinyuma. craniotomy yakorewe hejuru ya cortex yibumoso yigihe gito.Nkuko mubushakashatsi bwacu bwabanjirije66, duhereye ku ihuriro ryamagufwa ya parietal nigihe gito, gufungura byari bifite mm 9 z'ubugari na mm 5 z'uburebure. icyumba cya acoustic attenuation (IAC, icyitegererezo AC1).
Amakuru yakuwe mubice byinshi byafashwe amajwi muri cortex yambere yunvikana yimbeba 20, harimo ninyamaswa 10 zabanjirijwe na LPS.Ibisobanuro byafashwe amajwi byakuwe mubice byinshi bya electrode ya tungsten 16 (TDT, ø: 33 µm, <1 MΩ) bigizwe n'imirongo ibiri ya electrode 8 zashyizwe hagati ya 1000 µm hagati yubushyuhe bwa metero 300). dura itandukanijwe. Ikigereranyo cya ACx yibanze ni mm 4-7 inyuma yinyuma ya bregma na mm 3 ya ventrale kuri suture ya supratemporal.Ikimenyetso kibisi cyongerewe inshuro 10,000 (TDT Medusa) hanyuma gitunganywa na sisitemu yo gukusanya amakuru menshi (RX5, TDT) .Ibimenyetso byakusanyirijwe kuri buri electrode byashizwemo (610-10,000T). .
Amajwi ya Acoustic yakorewe muri Matlab, yoherezwa muri sisitemu yo gutanga amajwi ashingiye kuri RP2.1 (TDT) hanyuma yoherezwa mu ndangururamajwi ya Fostex (FE87E) .Ijwi rirenga ryashyizwe kuri cm 2 uvuye ku gutwi kw'iburyo kw'imbeba, aho intera ndende yatangaga amajwi ya terefegitura (± 3 dB) hagati ya 140 Hz na 36 kHz. 4133 ihujwe na preamplifier B&K 2169 hamwe na marantz PMD671 yandika ibyuma bya digitale. Umwanya wo kwakira igihe cya Spectral Time (STRF) washyizweho ukoresheje imirongo ya gamma-tone 97, ikubiyemo octave 8 (0.14-36 kHz), yatanzwe muburyo butunguranye kuri 75 dB SPL kuri 4.15 Hz. SPL.Buri inshuro zitangwa inshuro umunani kuri buri mbaraga.
Ibisubizo ku bitera imbaraga na byo byasuzumwe.Mu bushakashatsi bwabanje, twabonye ko amajwi y’imbeba adakunze gutanga ibisubizo bikomeye muri ACx, tutitaye ku nshuro nziza ya neuronal optimal frequency (BF), mu gihe xenograft yihariye (urugero, inyoni y’indirimbo cyangwa ingurube y’ingurube) ikarita yerekana amajwi yose.
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