Akayunguruzo k'inyuguti zidafite umugozi
Akayunguruzo k'inyuguti zidafite umugozibishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe icyuma gipima uburebure bw'imashini gikoresha ikoranabuhanga rinini (low pass filter) gihuza icyuma gipima uburebure bw'imashini (high pass filter).
Akayunguruzo ka Passive Band Pass karashobora gukoreshwa mu gutandukanya cyangwa gushungura imirongo imwe n'imwe iri mu gice runaka cyangwa ku ntera runaka y'imirongo. Imirongo igabanya cyangwa ingingo ya ƒc muri akayunguruzo gasanzwe ka RC passive ishobora kugenzurwa neza hakoreshejwe resistor imwe gusa mu buryo bukurikiranye hamwe na capacitor idahinduka, kandi bitewe n'inzira bihujwemo, twabonye ko haboneka akayunguruzo ka Low Pass cyangwa High Pass.
Uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha kuri ubu bwoko bwa filters zitagira amajwi ni muri porogaramu za amplifier y'amajwi cyangwa circuits nko muri filters za crossover z'amajwi cyangwa pre-amplifier tone controls. Hari igihe biba ngombwa ko unyura gusa ku rugero runaka rw'imirongo idatangira kuri 0Hz, (DC) cyangwa ngo irangire ahantu runaka ho hejuru cyane ariko iri mu rugero runaka cyangwa umuvuduko runaka, waba muto cyangwa mugari.
Mu guhuza cyangwa "gushyira hamwe" urusobe rumwe rwa Low Pass Filter hamwe na High Pass Filter circuit, dushobora gukora ubundi bwoko bwa passive RC filter bunyura ku rugero runaka cyangwa "band" ya frequencies ishobora kuba nto cyangwa nini mu gihe igabanya izo hanze y'uru rugero. Ubu bwoko bushya bwa passive filter filter butanga frequencies selective filter izwi nka Band Pass Filter cyangwa BPF mu magambo ahinnye.
Bitandukanye n'akayunguruzo k'inzira gake gatanga ibimenyetso byo mu bwoko bwa frequency buke cyangwa akayunguruzo k'inzira gatanga ibimenyetso byo mu bwoko bwa frequency buke, akayunguruzo k'inzira gatanga ibimenyetso mu "bande" runaka cyangwa "gukwirakwira" kw'imirongo nta guhindura ikimenyetso cyinjiye cyangwa ngo ashyiremo urusaku rwinshi. Aka gafunguzo k'imirongo gashobora kuba ubugari ubwo aribwo bwose kandi gakunze kuzwi nka filters Bandwidth.
Ubugari bw'umuvuduko bukunze gusobanurwa nk'urwego rw'umuvuduko ruri hagati y'ingingo ebyiri zagenwe zo guhagarika umuvuduko (ƒc), ziri munsi ya 3dB y'aho hagati ntarengwa cyangwa uburebure bw'umuvuduko mu gihe zigabanya cyangwa zigatuma izindi zitari muri izi ngingo ebyiri zigabanuka.
Hanyuma ku mibare ikwirakwira cyane, dushobora gusobanura ijambo "bandwidth", BW nk'itandukaniro riri hagati y'imibare yo hasi (ƒcLOWER) n'imibare yo hejuru yo hasi (ƒcHIGHER). Mu yandi magambo, BW = ƒH – ƒL. Birumvikana ko kugira ngo akayunguruzo k'uruhererekane rw'amajwi gakore neza, imibare yo hasi yo hasi igomba kuba iri hejuru y'imibare yo hasi yo hasi yo hasi.
Akayunguruzo k’inzira y’umugozi gashobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gutandukanya cyangwa gushungura imirongo imwe n’imwe iri mu gice runaka cy’imirongo, urugero nko guhagarika urusaku. Akayunguruzo k’inzira y’umugozi gazwi muri rusange nka akayunguruzo k’icyiciro cya kabiri, (k’inkingi ebyiri) kuko gafite ibice bibiri by’imikorere, ari byo capacitors, mu miterere yabyo ya circuit. Capacitor imwe iri mu gice cyo hasi cy’inzira n’indi capacitors iri mu gice cyo hejuru cy’inzira.
Ishusho ya Bode Plot cyangwa umurongo w'impinduka ugaragara hejuru ugaragaza imiterere ya filter ya band pass. Aha ikimenyetso kiragabanuka ku mihindagurikire iri hasi aho umusaruro wiyongera ku musozo wa +20dB/Icumi (6dB/Octave) kugeza igihe umuvuduko ugeze ku gace ka "hasi" ka ƒL. Kuri iyi mihindagurikire, voltage y'umusaruro yongera kuba 1/√2 = 70.7% by'agaciro k'ikimenyetso cyinjiye cyangwa -3dB (20*log(VOUT/VIN)) y'umuvuduko.
Umusaruro ukomeza ku ngano ntarengwa kugeza ugeze ku ngingo ya "hasi" ƒH aho umusaruro ugabanuka ku gipimo cya -20dB/Icumi (6dB/Octave) bigabanyiriza ibimenyetso byose bya frequency yo hejuru. Ingingo ya hasi yo kwiyongera k'umusaruro muri rusange ni ikigereranyo cya geometrike cy'agaciro ka -3dB hagati y'ingingo zo hasi n'izo hejuru kandi cyitwa "Hasi Frequency" cyangwa "Resonant Peak" agaciro ƒr. Iki gipimo cy'ikigereranyo cya geometrike kibarwa nka ƒr 2 = ƒ (HEJURU) x ƒ (HASI).
Aakayunguruzo k'amajwi y'itsindaifatwa nk'urufunguzo rwo mu bwoko bwa kabiri (imirongo ibiri) kuko rufite ibice bibiri bihindura imikorere mu miterere yarwo, hanyuma inguni y'icyiciro izaba inshuro ebyiri z'urufunguzo rwo mu cyiciro cya mbere rwabonetse mbere, ni ukuvuga 180o. Inguni y'icyiciro cy'ikimenyetso cy'umusaruro IGIRA ugereranije n'urw'inyongera kuri +90o kugeza ku murongo wo hagati cyangwa uhuza, 1 r point iyo ibaye dogere "zero" (0o) cyangwa "mu cyiciro" hanyuma igahinduka kuri LAG input kuri -90o uko umurongo w'umusaruro wiyongera.
Urugero, umurongo wo hejuru n'uwo hasi w'ingufu zo gukata umurongo w'ingufu ushobora kuboneka hakoreshejwe formula imwe nk'iya filter zo hasi n'izo hejuru.
Ibikoresho biza bifite ibihuza bya SMA cyangwa N by’abagore, cyangwa ibihuza bya 2.92mm, 2.40mm, na 1.85mm ku bikoresho bifite umurongo munini w’itumanaho.
Dushobora kandi guhindura uburyo bwo gusesengura Band Pass hakurikijwe ibyo ukeneye. Ushobora kwinjira ku ipaji yo guhindura kugira ngo utange ibisobanuro ukeneye.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Nzeri-06-2022
