Amakuru

Ibice bidakora muri RF Circuits 

Resistor, capacitors, Antena. . . . Menya ku bice bidakoreshwa mu buryo bwa RF.

Sisitemu za RF ntabwo zitandukanye cyane n’izindi ngeri z’amashanyarazi. Amategeko amwe ya fiziki arakora, bityo ibice by’ibanze bikoreshwa mu miterere ya RF biboneka no mu ngeri z’ikoranabuhanga no mu ngeri z’amashanyarazi zikoresha frequency nke.

Ariko, imiterere ya RF ikubiyemo imbogamizi n'intego byihariye, bityo imiterere n'imikoreshereze y'ibice bisaba kwitabwaho by'umwihariko iyo dukora mu rwego rwa RF. Nanone, zimwe mu nsinga zihujwe zigira imikorere yihariye kuri sisitemu za RF—ntizikoreshwa mu nsinga zifite umurongo muto kandi zishobora kutamenyekana neza n'abadafite ubunararibonye buke mu bijyanye no gushushanya RF.

Akenshi dushyira ibice mu byiciro nk'ibikora cyangwa ibidakora, kandi ubu buryo bufite agaciro kangana mu rwego rwa RF. Amakuru aganira ku bice bidakora cyane cyane mu bijyanye na RF circuits, kandi urupapuro rukurikira ruvuga ku bice bidakora.

Ibikoresho bipima umuvuduko

Capacitor nziza yatanga imikorere imwe ku kimenyetso cya 1 Hz na 1 GHz. Ariko ibice ntibijya biba byiza, kandi ibitari byiza bya capacitor bishobora kuba ingenzi cyane ku miyoboro yo hejuru.

"C" ihuye na capacitor nziza iri mu bintu byinshi bitera indwara. Dufite ubudahangarwa butagira umupaka hagati ya plaque (RD), ubudahangarwa bw'uruhererekane (RS), ubudahangarwa bw'uruhererekane (LS), na capacitance ihwanye (CP) hagati ya PCB pads n'ubutaka (turi gutekereza ko ibice byo gushyiramo ubuso; byinshi kuri ibi bizakurikiraho).

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyane iyo dukorana n’ibimenyetso bifite frequency nyinshi ni inductance. Twiteze ko impedance ya capacitor igabanuka uko frequency yiyongera, ariko kuba hari inductance ya parasite bituma impedance imanuka ku frequency yigenga hanyuma igatangira kwiyongera:

Abarwanya indwara, n'abandi.

Ndetse na resistor zishobora guteza ibibazo ku murongo wo hejuru, kuko zifite uburyo bwo gukurura ibintu mu buryo butandukanye, ubushobozi bwo gukurura ibintu mu buryo bungana, hamwe n'ubushobozi busanzwe bwo gukurura ibintu bujyanye na PCB pads.

Kandi ibi bitwereka ingingo y'ingenzi: iyo urimo gukorana n'imirongo yo hejuru, ibintu bya parasite circuit biri hose. Uko ikintu cyoroshye cyangwa cyiza cyaba giteye kose, kigomba gupfunyikwa no gushongeshwa kuri PCB, kandi ingaruka ni parasite. Ibi ni ko bigenda no ku kindi gice icyo ari cyo cyose: iyo gipfunyitswe kandi kigashongeshwa ku kibaho, ibintu bya parasite biba bihari.

Amabuye y'agaciro

Ishingiro rya RF ni ugukoresha ibimenyetso bifite umurongo uhindagurika kugira ngo bitange amakuru, ariko mbere yo kuyahindura tugomba kuyakora. Kimwe no mu zindi ngeri z'imirongo, kristu ni uburyo bw'ibanze bwo gukora umurongo uhoraho.

Ariko, mu miterere y'ibimenyetso bya digitale n'ibivanze, akenshi usanga imiyoboro ishingiye kuri kristu idasaba ubushishozi nk'ubwo kristu ishobora gutanga, bityo bikaba byoroshye kwitonda mu bijyanye no guhitamo kristu. Imiyoboro ya RF, mu buryo bunyuranye, ishobora kuba ifite ibisabwa bikomeye byo gupima uburebure bw'amajwi, kandi ibi ntibisaba gusa ubushishozi bw'amajwi bwa mbere ahubwo no kudahinduka kw'amajwi.

Ingano y’ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe rya kristu isanzwe iterwa n’ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe. Ihindagurika ry’ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe ritera ibibazo kuri sisitemu za RF, cyane cyane sisitemu zizahura n’ihindagurika rikomeye mu bushyuhe bw’ikirere. Bityo, sisitemu ishobora gukenera TCXO, ni ukuvuga oscillator ya kristu iterwa n’ubushyuhe. Ibi bikoresho birimo circuitry ikemura ihindagurika ry’ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe bwa kristu:

Antena

Antene ni igice cy’amashanyarazi kidakora (passive component) gikoreshwa mu guhindura ikimenyetso cy’amashanyarazi cya RF mo imirasire y’amashanyarazi (EMR), cyangwa mu buryo bunyuranye. Hamwe n’ibindi bice n’amakuru ayobora, tugerageza kugabanya ingaruka za EMR, kandi hamwe n’amakuru ayobora tugerageza kunoza uburyo EMR ikorwa cyangwa yakirwa hakurikijwe ibyo ikoreshwa rikeneye.

Ubumenyi bw'antena ntabwo bworoshye na gato. Hari ibintu bitandukanye bigira ingaruka ku buryo bwo guhitamo cyangwa gushushanya antena ikwiriye porogaramu runaka. AAC ifite ingingo ebyiri (kanda hano na hano) zitanga intangiriro nziza ku bitekerezo bya antena.

Imiterere miremire iherekezwa n'imbogamizi zitandukanye mu miterere, nubwo igice cya antene cya sisitemu gishobora kugabanuka uko imibare yiyongera, kuko imibare miremire yemerera ikoreshwa rya antene ngufi. Muri iki gihe ni ibisanzwe gukoresha "antene ya chip," ikoreshwa kuri PCB nk'ibice bisanzwe byo gushyiramo ubuso, cyangwa antene ya PCB, ikorwa hifashishijwe uburyo bwihariye bwo gushyiramo ikimenyetso cyagenwe mu miterere ya PCB.

Incamake

Ibice bimwe bikunze gukoreshwa muri porogaramu za RF gusa, ibindi bigomba gutoranywa no gushyirwa mu bikorwa neza bitewe n'imyitwarire yabyo idahwitse yo gukoresha frequency nyinshi.

Ibice bidakora neza bigaragaza igisubizo kitari cyiza bitewe n'uburyo ibintu bitera indwara n'ubushobozi bwabyo.

Porogaramu za RF zishobora gusaba kristu zifite ubuhanga kandi zihamye kurusha kristu zisanzwe zikoreshwa mu miyoboro ya digitale.

Antena ni ibice by'ingenzi bigomba guhitamo hakurikijwe imiterere n'ibisabwa na sisitemu ya RF.

Microwave ya Si Chuan Keenlion ni amahitamo menshi mu miterere ya narrowband na broadband, ifite umurongo wa frequencies kuva kuri 0.5 kugeza kuri 50 GHz. Yagenewe gutwara imbaraga za watts 10 kugeza kuri 30 muri sisitemu yo kohereza ya 50-ohm. Imiterere ya microstrip cyangwa stripline irakoreshwa, kandi ikanozwa kugira ngo ikore neza.

Dushobora kandi guhindura ibice bya rf passive hakurikijwe ibyo ukeneye. Ushobora kwinjira ku ipaji yo guhindura kugira ngo utange ibisobanuro ukeneye.